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MENSTRUAL CYCLE GLOSSARYFertility Glossary A to Z
Page 3: Menstruation to Womb
More Definitions on Page 1: Amenorrhea to Fallopian
More Definitions on Page 2: Follicle to Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation The monthly shedding of the endometrium. Menstruation is the part of a woman's menstrual cycle where the endometrium (lining of the uterus) is shed, resulting in discharge of blood. Menstruation occurs each month if the egg released at ovulation is not fertilized. It occurs from menarche during puberty until menopause.
Metrorrhagia Uterine bleeding that occurs between regular menstrual periods, which usually indicates an underlying medical condition.
Mittelschmerz Pain occurring during ovulation on one side of the lower abdomen. The location (left or right side) is based on which ovary produces the ovum that month.
Oligomenorrhea Menstrual periods with abnormally light flow.
Oligoovulation Very irregular ovulatory cycles.
Ovary Female reproductive organ located in the pelvis. There are two ovaries, one of the right side of the uterus, the other on the left side. Produces eggs (ova) and the female hormones.
Oviduct Another word for Fallopian tube.
Ovulation Release of a mature egg from one of the two ovaries. Occurs approximately midway between the menstrual cycle. The egg is released into the Fallopian tube, where it is available for fertilization.

Ovulation is the second phase of the menstrual cycle, with Follicular being phase one, and Luteal being phase three.
Ovum Female reproductive cell, the ovum (also known as the egg) is produced by the ovaries. Ova is plural for ovum.
Perimenopause Transitional period of several years before menopause. Hormone level fluctuations (gradual decrease in estrogen) can result in irregular menstrual cycles, hot flashes, night sweats, and other symptoms.
Period An occurrence of menstruation.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) A combination of physical and mood related symptoms that occur after ovulation and usually terminate at the start of the menstrual period or shortly thereafter. Many symptoms have been attributed to PMS, including mood changes, bloating, acne, fatigue, anxiety and irritability, breast swelling and tenderness.
Polymenorrhea Menstrual periods that are abnormally frequent.
Progesterone Female hormone produced by the corpus luteum; responsible for preparing and maintaining the uterus for pregnancy.
Spotting Light bleeding that occurs at a time during the month other than the menstrual period.
Uterus The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ. It is normally where the fertilized ovum (egg) is implanted, and where the fetus develops.
Vagina Tube-like organ that is part of the female reproductive system, it connects the uterus to the outside of the body. Also referred to as the birth canal.
Womb Another word for uterus.
More Definitions: Amenorrhea to Fallopian
More Definitions: Follicle to Menstrual Cycle
Disclaimer: All information provided in this glossary is for educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for advice provided by a medical doctor or qualified healthcare provider. You should not use this information for self-diagnosis or for treating a health problem or disease. If you have any questions whatsoever about your medical health or believe you have a medical problem or disease, you should contact your medical doctor or healthcare provider. You should never disregard medical advice or delay seeking medical advice or treatment because of something you have read in this glossary. No guarantee is made about the accuracy, completeness, or relevance of the information contained herein.
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